2Jeffrey C.Goldfarb ,The Cynical Society
(Chicago :The University of Chicago
Press ,1991),152.
3;4;13Donald R.Dudley,A History of
Cynicism:From Diogenes to the 6th
Century A.D.(London:Methuen,1937),
x;104-106;153.
5;14Timothy Bewes ,Cynicism and
Postmodernism (London:Verso ,1997),2;
8.6Claude Lefort,The Political Forms
of Modern Society :Bureaucracy,
Democracy,Totalitarianism (Cambridge ,
Mass.:MIT Press,1986),216.
7Paul Roazen,“Orwell,Freud,and 1984”
,in George Orwell ‘s 1984,ed.Harold
Bloom (New York:Chelsea House,1987),
33.8V álav Havel ,Válav Havel :Living
in Truth (London:Faber and Faber ,
1987),44-45.此处借用了徐友渔的译文,特此致谢。
9;10Jeffrey C.Goldfarb ,Beyond Glasnost:
The Post-Totalitarian Mind (Chicago :
The University of Chicago Press,1989)
,48;216.11Max Weber ,“Politics as
a Vocation”,in From Max Weber ,
trans.and ed.H.H.Gerth and C.Wright
Mills (London:Routledge,1948),
78.12;18James C.Scott,Domination
and the Arts of Resistance (New Haven
:Yale University Press ,1990),53;157.